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词汇提示

1.amateur 业余

2.anabolic steroids 合成代谢类固醇

3.hormone 激素

4.testosterone 睾酮

5.sprinters 短跑运动员

6.irrtability 易怒

7.acne 痤疮

8.testicles 睾丸

9.menstruation 月经

10.endurance 耐力

11.scandal 丑闻

12.interfere 干涉

13.clot 凝块

14.stroke 中风

15.detect 查明

原文

Drug Use Among Athletes

Drug use is a common problem in many sports competitions today.

In both professional and amateur sports，many athletes use drugs that are designed to improve athletic performance.

The use of these drugs may have harmful effects on the future health of athletes，but they also give an unfair advantage in athletic competitions.

Some of the most widely-use-performance-enhancing drugs are called“anabolic steroids”.

Anabolic steroids are drugs that are very similar to the male hormone，testosterone.

These drugs allow athletes to develop larger and stronger muscles，and to increase the intensity of training.

For sports that require strength，power，and speed，the use of steroids  can provide advantages.

In past years，many sprinters and weightlifters have been found to have used steroids.

However，anabolic steroids have many negative side effects.

To give just a few example，steroids can cause changes in mood，including irritability and anger，and can also cause skin problems such as acne.

In men，steroid use can lead to reduction in the function of the testicles.

In women，steroid use can interfere with menstruation.

In both men and women，long-term side effects include an increased risk of some forms of cancer.

Another wild-used drug is known as EPO.

EPO is a hormone that helps to produce red blood cells，which carry oxygen to the muscles.

When taken by athletes who compete in sports that require great endurance，EPO may provide an advantage by allowing the athletes to maintain their speed，for a longer time and distance.

During 1998，there was a scandal at a famous bicycle race，the Tour de France，when it was found that many of these long-distance cyclists were using EPO to gain an advantage to over their competitors.

EPO has side effects.

For example，it increases the likelihood of developing blood clots，which increase the risk of a stroke or heart attack.

One difficulty in preventing the use of performance-enhancing drugs is that it is not always possible to detect the use of the drugs.

Tests have been developed to detect the drugs，but new verities of the drugs are often not detected.

Also，athletes who stop using the drugs well before a drug test may avoid being detected.

Preventing the use of performance-enhancing drugs in athletes is difficult，but it is important.

Most athletes want to compete without artificial substances that provide easy advantages，and they do not want to risk of their health by using these substances.

If those athlete are to have a fair chance，it is necessary to prevent other athlete from gaining advantages due to the use of these drugs.

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