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词汇提示
1.attain 得到
2.immoral 不道德的
3.masculine 男子气概的
4.forbidden 禁止
5.physicians 医生
6.reproduction 生殖
7.assumption 假设
8.witness 见证
9.superiority 优越性
10.drought 干旱
11.conservative 保守
12.emerged 出现
13.establishment 机构
14.affront 侮辱
原文
Women in Sport
The struggle to attain equality for female participation in sport has been a long and hard-fought one.
One hundred years ago，a majority of people-many women included would have thought it unnatural，if not immoral，to permit women to participate in sports.
Today，women's participation is widespread and accepted by most.
However，there are still many sports and sport-related institutions and or organizations that have not achieved full equality.
Some sports，such as football or boxing，encourage very little female participation，although even these so-called “masculine” sports are changing.
Women's boxing，for example，will probably be included in the Olympic Games by the end of this decade.
In the late 1800s and early 1900s，when sports and physical education programs were first organized in North America，women were forbidden from participating for so-called“scientific”or“medical”reasons.
Physicians are a group often spoke out against female athleticism，using the argument that physical activity would damage reproductuion.
Others claimed that it was quite simply“unnatural”for women to participate in sports.
Little real evidence was provided to support these claims.
In truth，the so-called“evidence”was more a reflection of physicians' cultural assumptions about women's place in society in general.
The 1920s and 1930s witnessed a short“Golden Age”in women's sports.
Individual athletes and teams or leagues formed to support female athletics.
Track and field，tennis，softball，programs in physical education，and other activities were encouraged，at least for those women lucky enough to have the time and money to participate.
There was even a Women's Olympic Games movement in the 1920s and 1930s.
At one point，the regular Olympic Games organized by the International Olympic Committee（IOC），became concerned that the Women's Olympics would gain enough power to challenge the superiority of the IOC's Olympics.
As a result，the IOC included a few more women's events in their Games，although not many.
The Golden Age of women's sports was followed by a long drought.
The post-World War Two era was one of very conservative traditional family values in North America.
However，in the 1970s the current boom in women's sport began.
One of the driving forces in the movement was East Bloc countries，particularly the Soviet Union and East Germany，both of which encouraged female athletes at the highest level-the Olympic Games.
Female athletes with strong and muscular bodies emerged on the international sports stage.
At first，this raise concern among the male-dominated sports establishment
However，after years of struggle，the muscular and strong female athletic body has become common in international sport.
In the late-nineteenth century，the founder of the modern Olympic Games，Pierre de Coubertin，said that the sight of women participating in sport as an affront to the human eye，and unnatural.
We've come a long way since then.
翻译
女性在运动
争取女性平等参与体育运动是一场长期而艰苦的斗争。
一百年前，包括许多女性在内的大多数人都会认为，允许女性参加体育运动即使不是不道德的，也是不自然的。
今天，妇女的参与是广泛的，并为大多数人所接受。
然而，仍然有许多体育和与体育有关的机构和/或组织没有实现完全平等。
有些运动，如足球或拳击，很少鼓励女性参与，尽管这些所谓的“男性”运动也在发生变化。
例如，到本世纪末，女子拳击很可能会成为奥运会比赛项目。
在19世纪末和20世纪初，当运动和体育项目首次在北美组织时，由于所谓的“科学”或“医学”原因，女性被禁止参加。
医生是一个经常公开反对女性运动的团体，他们认为体育活动会损害生殖功能。
其他人则声称，女性参加体育运动完全是“不自然的”。
几乎没有提供真正的证据来支持这些说法。
事实上，所谓的“证据”更多地反映了医生对女性在整个社会中地位的文化假设。
20世纪二三十年代见证了女子体育的短暂“黄金时代”。
个人运动员和团队或联盟为支持女子运动而出力。
田径、网球、垒球、体育项目和其他活动受到鼓励，至少对那些有时间和金钱参加的幸运女性来说是如此。
在20世纪20年代和30年代，甚至还有一场女子奥林匹克运动。
国际奥委会（IOC）组织的常规奥运会一度担心，女子奥运会将获得足够的力量，挑战IOC奥运会的优越性。
因此，国际奥委会在其奥运会中增加了一些女子项目，尽管并不多。
女子体育的黄金时代之后是漫长的旱灾。
二战后的时代是北美非常保守的传统家庭价值观的时代之一。
然而，在20世纪70年代，目前的女子体育热潮开始了。
这场运动的推动力之一是东欧国家，特别是苏联和东德，这两个国家都鼓励女性运动员参加奥运会的最高级别比赛。
身强力壮的女运动员出现在国际体育舞台上。
起初，这引起了以男性为主的体育机构的担忧
但是，经过多年的努力，肌肉发达、身体强壮的女性运动员已成为国际体育运动中的常态。
19世纪末，现代奥林匹克运动会的创始人皮埃尔·德·顾拜旦（Pierre de Coubertin）说，女性参加体育运动是对人类眼睛的侮辱，是不自然的。
从那以后我们已经走了很长的路。