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1.每期为一篇听力题，每篇裁剪为若干片段，每个片段重复四遍。

2.可以前两遍盲听理解，后两遍根据文字内容精听。

3.根据中英文意思，听不懂的地方多听几遍。

原文

2018.12六级第一套 recording three

Today's crisis in care for older people in England has two main causes.

今天英格兰老年人护理危机有两个主要原因。

First, people are living longer with a lot more complex needs.

首先，人们的生活更长，需求更复杂。

Second, they rely on a system that has long been marked by a poor relation between national health and social-care services. Current services originate in two key measures.

其次，他们依赖的是一个长期以来以国家健康和社会保健服务之间关系不佳为特征的体系。当前的服务起源于两个关键措施。

They are the National Health Service and the 1948 National Assistance Act.

它们是国民健康服务和1948年国家援助法案。

This required local government to provide residential accommodation for older people and supervise care homes run by independent organizations.

这要求当地政府为老年人提供住宿，并监督由独立组织经营的养老院。

They also provided home and community services including meals, day centers and home helpers and other subsidized services.

他们还提供家庭和社区服务，包括膳食，日托中心和家庭佣工以及其他补贴服务。

The National Health Service was free and wholly publicly provided.

国民健康服务是免费的，并完全公开提供。

It delivered the best health-care for all. No such vision guided residential and community care though.

它为所有人提供了最好的保健服务。然而，没有提供住院引导和社区护理的构想。

The care was substantially provided by voluntary services which worked together with local authorities as they long had with eligibility based on income.

这种护理主要由志愿服务机构提供，这些服务机构长期以来与地方当局合作，其资格取决于收入。

Today, life expectancy has risen from 66 for a male at birth in 1948 to around 80 now.

今天，男性预期寿命从1948年的66岁上升到现在的80岁左右。

In addition, there is better overall health and improved medical knowledge and care.

此外，整体健康状况有所改善，医疗护理知识也有所提高。

This means an unprecedented number of people are surviving longer in conditions requiring expert support.

这意味着活得更久，需要专家支持的人的数量也空前之多。

Families provide at least as much care as they ever did.

家庭则提供了至少与以往一样多的关怀。

Even so, they can rarely without subsidized support address serious personal needs.

即便如此，他们很少能在没有补贴的条件下解决严重的个人需求。

Care for older people faced persistent criticism as these trends became apparent.

随着这些趋势变得明显，老年人的护理面临持续的批评。

From the early 1960s, local authorities were required to plan health and welfare services.

从20世纪60年代初开始，地方当局被要求规划健康和福利服务。

The aim was to enable older people to remain in their own homes for as long as possible, but this increased concern about the lack of coordination between free health and paid-for social care.

目的是让老年人尽可能长时间留在自己的家中，但这就导致了人们愈发关注免费保健和有偿社会护理之间缺乏协调的情况。

Through the 1970s, a number of measures sought to improve matters.

到了20世纪70年代，当局采取了一些措施试图改善这些问题。

However at a time of financial crisis, funding diminished and little changed.

然而，在金融危机时期，资金减少了，改善也不大。

In the 1980s, the government cut spending. Meanwhile, preference for private over public services made management even more difficult.

在20世纪80年代，政府削减开支。同时，对私人公共服务的倾斜使管理变得更加困难。

Simultaneously, the number of sick older people grew. Governments emphasized the need to improve services.

同时，患病的老年人数量增加了。政府强调需要改善服务。

They did so though while doing little to stop the erosion of available aid. Services were irregular across authorities.

然而，尽管他们这样说了，但在阻止可用援助减少方面乏善可陈。当局的服务是层次不齐的。

Unless you were prepared to pay, they were increasingly difficult to obtain for any but the most severely disabled. Why has 60 years of criticism produced so little change.

除非你准备付钱，否则除了最严重的残疾人之外，其它人越来越难获得服务。为什么60年的批评产生了如此微小的改变。

Discrimination against older people has a long history. Additionally, those affected by inadequate health and social care are too vulnerable to launch the protests that have addressed other forms of discrimination.

对老年人的歧视历史悠久。此外，卫生和社会服务不足，受此影响的人过于脆弱，无法发起抗议活动，反对那些其它形式的歧视现象。

问题：

22:

A) The lack of supervision by both the national and local governments.

B) The impact of the current economic crisis at home and abroad.

C) The poor management of day centres and home help services.

D) The poor relation between national health and social care services.

23:

A) It was mainly provided by voluntary services.

B) It mainly caters to the needs of the privileged.

C) It called for a sufficient number of volunteers.

D) It has deteriorated over the past sixty years.

24:

A) Their longer lifespans.

B) Fewer home helpers available.

C) Their preference for private services.

D) More of them suffering serious illnesses.

25:

A) They are unable to pay for health services.

B) They have long been discriminated against.

C) They are vulnerable to illnesses and diseases.

D) They have contributed a great deal to society.

文字稿