Video

Transcript

in this video we’re gonna discuss the relationship between your own immune

system and the Game of Thrones it’s very similar in that there’s this game going

on between your own white blood cells or leukocytes and pathogens viruses

bacteria fungus mold pathogens are those microbes that cause disease and there’s

another part of your immune system that I want to discuss a very very long time

ago there is a union created between your

own cells and bacteria and they formed a mutually beneficial relationship

and we now call that bacteria friendly bacteria they have become a big part of

our immune system in helping defend against the unfriendly bacteria and

other pathogens so in this video I want to take clips out of the game of Thrones

and help you understand the immune system the Nights Watch is a military

order dedicated to holding the wall the immense fortification of the northern

border of the seven kingdoms led by Lord Commander Jeor Mormont any enemy trying

to invade the seven kingdoms beyond the wall will have to get past the guards

the Nights Watch they are always undo T to protect the

realms of men from whatever is out there the exact same thing happens in your

body you have guards that monitor the wall 24/7 they’re called macrophages and

they’re large cells that eat the viruses bacteria and they monitor and guard the

wall and in your body you have the external skin and internal skin lining

all the internal skin that lines your nose your lungs your throat and your

gastrointestinal tract are so large it would cover four hundred square meters

the size of two tennis courts so these macrophages have a tremendous

job in protecting against invading pathogens in this next example we have

John Snow becoming the Lord Commander of the Nights Watch which rules over

everyone there and as time goes on he rises up to become the king of the north

and of course the goal of as enemies is to take him out taking out

the commander or the king is a very successful strategy to win the war so in

the body we have certain t-cells okay this stands for thymus the thymus is the

gland that helps train your white blood cells to help defend against pathogens

now the two parts of the immune system are the innate and the acquired the

innate is a part of the immune system that you’re born with the acquired is a

part of the immune system that needs training you need the expose your immune

system to germs in microbes and allow the infection to occur to overcome it so

it becomes stronger so you develop your immunity from experience but there’s one

central white blood cell that is the commander or the coordinator for the

entire immune system and it’s called the T helper cell this is the boss that

coordinates the attack it judges on how many web blood cell the body needs to

create how much weapon tree what type of weapon tree so that your immune system

can be successful now on the other side of the game we have certain pathogens

viruses specifically the HIV virus that has its own strategy of taking out the

head commander of the entire organization so this virus goes after

the T helper cells and destroys the cell and that’s its strategy to winning the

war in the final battle for King’s Landing Denarius targaryen instructs her

dragon to not just kill specific enemies but to destroy the entire city killing

off not just the enemies but the good people as well creating massive

collateral damage now in the immune system you have something called the T

regulatory cell it has two main functions one is to determine the good

guys from the bad guys to prevent traitors and rogue elements

to invade the body but it also has a very important function that relates to

the example you saw in regulating the attack or a weapon tree that our immune

system releases so you can think of the T regulatory cells as the water that

puts out the fire or the inflammation in the body and if

we don’t have these cells in place we can’t put up the fire and we get this

massive inflammatory condition that creates a lot of collateral damage now

any time a person tries to enter a city or a wall the guards have to determine

who that person is are they a friendly person or an enemy so this is a very

important job and there’s all sorts of mechanisms in place to be able to

differentiate who’s good who’s bad and to allow only the friendly cells to

invade the body and kill any of the pathogens now as time goes on John Snow

through experience becomes more and more knowledgeable about how to kill his

enemies specifically the White Walkers

he learns about their strengths and their weaknesses and one weakness that

have is dragonglass which is then used as one of the weapons to fight them now

in the immune system and I’m talking about the acquired immune system that

learns from experience we have the B cell B stands for a bone marrow because

that’s where it originates from so we have the cell that releases antibodies

so when we’re exposed to germs these antibodies interact with the germs and

create memories so the next time when they’re in a battle they’re exposed to a

specific pathogen they have this memory and they know what to do so in other

words your body develops antibodies over time to deal with specific germs and so

now they are prepared and they will bind with viruses and bacteria and neutralize

them before they can invade the South so little finger in secret makes a deal

with the city logic compass the city watch is yours good and this deal

relates to turning against Ned Stark we stand behind you load stuff so later

when Ned Stark gives an order the gold cloaks turn against Ned and end up

killing all of his soldiers and so the city watch becomes traitors

I did warn you not to trust me now the immune system we have a very similar

thing happening certain mechanisms involving viruses caused our own body to

create what’s called Auto antibodies which are antibodies against her own

tissue you can look at this as friendly fire or a part of your own cells

becoming traitors and attacking its own tissue so you see this a lot in

autoimmune disease and many times an autoimmune condition is triggered by a

virus one of the scariest abilities the white walkers have is the power to

create creatures known as whites whites are reanimated corpses which continue to

live as zombies who are under control of the white walkers

so when we’re talking about normal cells they have a certain limit to how long

they can live so it could be months it could be a couple years but eventually

these cells die but what happens when normal cells become damaged certain

cells switch over to cancer cells and the way they do that is through a

certain adaptation mechanism which their metabolism has actually changed to a

completely different way of burning fuel and the other very unique thing about

cancer cells is they lose their ability to die and they become immortal just

like the zombies that you just saw so cancer cells are zombie cells that are

no longer under your own body’s control and they pretty much have their own

brain where they can take over they invade different areas of inflammation

and they can potentially kill you just like the white walkers

normally in the immune system you have the natural killer cell over here on the

na part of the immune system and then on the acquired you have the T killer cells

that are specialist in attacking cancer cells this game or battle has been going

on for a very long time the goal of our immune system is to kill the cancer

cells and the cancer cells also have a goal of surviving and they can survive

under various conditions they can survive under conditions where there’s

no oxygen and sometimes they go into dormancy and come back out of remission

even after chemotherapy so we have tried many things to try to kill off cancer

but our best strategy is really to take care of our own immune system and make

sure the natural killer cells and the t-cells are strong enough to prevent

cancer from growing in the first place and then we had the red woman who is

part of the fiery hand who uses the weapon of fire not to mention the

pyromancers who specialized in fire and then we have individuals that use poison

as their weapon as in the red Viper now in the immune system we have a very

similar situation there’s a lot of inflammation which we could look at is

fire which makes it very very hard for a pathogen to live and certain immune

cells use these inflammatory type cytokines in their defense mechanism as

well as using other poisons like bleach and hydrogen peroxide and another one

called interferon which is a chemical that interferes with the viral

reproduction so in the Battle of Blackwater a certain weapon was used to

destroy the ship’s to weaken their defenses

now an immune system exact same thing happens you have viruses you have

bacteria you have other microbes that literally have this strategy of turning

down your receptors for vitamin D vitamin D is essential for your immune

system to work but not if it’s turned off

they also deplete your zinc which is also essential and your vitamin C so

without these key nutrients your immune system is susceptible it’s a vulnerable

to continued infection the faceless men can use the faces of people they kill to

infiltrate the enemy and kill who they need to quietly Arya Stark learns this

technique and puts it to good use

now similar thing happens in the immune system so certain viruses and other

microbes like mycoplasma nano bacteria have various strategies

one of the strategies clean virus might use is to act as one of her own and be

camouflage as one of our own cells so they can go undetected and enter the

cell and create havoc other strategies that nano bacteria use which are very

very small bacteria is to literally build a shell a calcium shell around

them sort of like an igloo or like a little dome that they hide in and be

protected another name for that is a biofilm so the immune system is a real

hard time finding these microbes so the goal of any front line of defense is to

hold the fort when Tyrion Lannister was fighting Stannis Baratheon at the Battle

of the Blackwater Tyrion was about to lose the battle until the reinforcements

finally arrived the battle is over where you have one so you can look at it

like this the in a part of the immune system is the first line of defense the

acquired another name would be adaptive is the second line of defense which

normally takes between five and seven days so in this next scene we have Sansa

Stark who finally identifies Littlefinger’s true motive with the help

of her brother bran Stark to finally figure out who is the real instigator

behind so many situations so in the immune system we have a similar thing

immune cells work together so on the acquire side of the immune system we

have the t killer cells which are the assassins like the special forces that

do the killing okay and then you have the B cells which make antibodies B

cells don’t necessarily kill the enemy they identify or tag the enemy so here’s

a virus they put a little flag in there kill me so then the t killer cell can

find the enemy and kill it alright guys so there you have it the comparison of

Game of Thrones to the game of your own immune system between the Battle of

pathogens and white blood cells thanks for watching

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